一部关于构建 Web 的技术的互动历史。https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh-CNhttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-docker/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-docker/How containerization solved 'works on my machine' and transformed software delivery forever.Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工坊Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-transformer/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-transformer/A 2017 paper from Google replaced recurrence with self-attention — and created the architecture behind GPT, BERT, and the modern AI revolution.Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-acid/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-acid/数据库到底是怎么兑现 Atomicity、Consistency、Isolation、Durability 的——预写日志、MVCC、锁调度,以及那个让大多数存储栈至少丢过一次脸的 fsync 问题。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-codd-paper/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-codd-paper/走一遍《A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks》——'关系'在数学上到底指什么、哪些想法活到了 SQL、哪些又悄悄被丢弃。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-diffie-hellman/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-diffie-hellman/在 Rivest、Shamir、Adleman 造出那把锁之前,Whitfield Diffie 和 Martin Hellman 已经证明了这把锁可以存在。他们 1976 年的论文才是公钥密码学真正的起点。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-digital-signatures/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-digital-signatures/你用私钥签,任何人都能用公钥验。这一点不对称,支撑着软件更新、TLS 证书、git 提交,以及每一个必须在不信任信道的情况下信任代码的系统。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-email-origin/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-email-origin/Ray Tomlinson 把两个已经存在的程序粘到一起,作为一个未经授权的副业;挑了一个没人会出现在名字里的标点,意外造出了这个网络的第一个杀手级应用。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-end-to-end-principle/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-end-to-end-principle/Saltzer、Reed 和 Clark 1984 年的论文把让互联网能工作的那个设计决定写成了原则——把智能放到两端,把中间留得笨,然后看着它比所有比它聪明的网络活得更久。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工坊Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-lo-crash/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-lo-crash/为什么 Charley Kline 敲了三个字母之后 SRI 的计算机就崩了?到底是什么坏了?一个自动补全功能的缓冲区溢出如何成了互联网的起源故事?Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-normal-forms/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-normal-forms/Codd 的建表规则——每种异常长什么样、下一个范式怎么修它、以及什么时候为了性能故意打破规则。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-packet-switching/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-packet-switching/电路交换把带宽浪费在沉默上。分组交换把消息切成独立的小块,让网络忘掉这段对话。正是这一个转变,才有了互联网。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-query-optimizer/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-query-optimizer/你写你想要什么,数据库决定怎么做。走一遍优化器如何解析、改写、估算、并规划一条 SQL 查询——以及为什么同一条查询周一很快、周五很慢。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rfc-1/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rfc-1/Steve Crocker 在深夜的浴室里写下了 RFC 1,因为他不想显得专横。这份试探性的文档成为了后来所有互联网标准的范本。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工坊Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rsa-math/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rsa-math/欧拉定理、模逆,以及为什么 `(m^e)^d ≡ m (mod n)` 真的成立——把 RSA 那篇文章里一个代码块带过的数学,完整走一遍。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-congestion-control/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-congestion-control/四十年一直在回答同一个问题——当你看不见自己要经过的那张网络时,你该以多快的速度把包发出去?Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-handshake/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-handshake/为什么 TCP 开连接恰好需要三个包,SYN 和 ACK 位到底在做什么,以及初始序号一旦可被预测,为什么就演变成了一场安全灾难。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-ip-split/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-ip-split/最早的 TCP 是一个同时负责路由、可靠性、寻址的协议。1978 年 Jon Postel 主张把它拆成两个,才解锁了 UDP、实时视频、沙漏架构,以及之后的几乎一切。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-the-join/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-the-join/用共享的值而不是物理引用来表达关系,是关系模型真正的突破。五十年后,四种连接类型、三种连接算法,和一个根本问题,仍在驱动世界上大多数的数据。Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-typescript/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-typescript/Microsoft's typed superset of JavaScript brought static analysis to the most dynamic language on earth.Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT原材料Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-blockchain/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-5-blockchain/Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin whitepaper introduced a mechanism for consensus without central authority — and sparked a revolution in decentralized systems.Sat, 18 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-mapreduce/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-mapreduce/Google's programming model for processing massive datasets across thousands of machines changed how we think about distributed computation.Fri, 17 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-git/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-git/Linus Torvalds built Git in two weeks out of frustration, and accidentally created the tool that powers all modern software development.Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工坊Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-node/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-node/Google's V8 engine made JavaScript fast. Ryan Dahl's Node.js put it on the server. Together they unified web development and created the npm ecosystem.Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工具Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-oauth/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-oauth/The authorization framework that lets you 'Sign in with Google' solved the password-sharing problem and enabled the platform economy.Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-rest/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-4-rest/Roy Fielding's dissertation formalized the architectural style that would become the standard for web APIs.Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-cookies/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-cookies/Lou Montulli's small text files solved HTTP's statelessness problem — and accidentally created the infrastructure for login sessions, shopping carts, and the ad-tracking economy.Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-dom/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-dom/The W3C's Document Object Model turned static HTML into a living tree that JavaScript could read, modify, and rebuild — the API that made the interactive web possible.Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工具Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-javascript/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-javascript/Brendan Eich's rush job became the world's most ubiquitous programming language. Here's how.Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT原材料Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-pagerank/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-pagerank/Two Stanford grad students asked a simple question — what if a link is a vote? — and built the algorithm that made the web's infinite library searchable.Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-cgi/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-cgi/A simple standard let web servers run programs instead of just serving files — turning static pages into interactive applications and opening the door to everything that followed.Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT工具Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-ssl/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-ssl/Netscape needed online shopping to work. That meant encrypting HTTP — so two engineers built the protocol that now protects every connection on the internet.Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-url/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-url/Berners-Lee's third invention gave every resource on earth a single, stable name — and turned the web from a collection of documents into a navigable space.Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rsa/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-rsa/Rivest、Shamir、Adleman 解决了一个看似不可能的问题——让陌生人在不事先共享秘密的情况下进行安全通信。Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-css/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-3-css/Cascading Style Sheets ended the era of font tags and gave designers a real language for visual presentation.Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT原材料Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-relational-model/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-relational-model/Edgar Codd 1970 年的论文给了我们数据库的数学基础,SQL 给了我们一门查询它的语言。IBM 压着它,Oracle 抢先发布了它。Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-ip/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-tcp-ip/两位工程师在酒店大堂,一个不可能的问题:让任何网络能与任何其他网络通话。Cerf 与 Kahn 1974 年的论文,如何成为互联网的地基。Mon, 06 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-arpanet/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-1-arpanet/一次登录崩溃、一个紧张的研究生,还有一封不该发的邮件——一个冷战时期的研究项目如何意外地为互联网打下了地基。Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT仓库Dylan Danghttps://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-http/https://techtree.dylandang.dev/zh/posts/era-2-http/Tim Berners-Lee's simple request-response protocol turned the internet into a global hypertext system.Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT蓝图Dylan Dang