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Framework & Thư viện
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V8 & Node.js: JavaScript Breaks Free
Google's V8 engine made JavaScript fast. Ryan Dahl's Node.js put it on the server. Together they unified web development and created the npm ecosystem.
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The DOM: Making Web Pages Programmable
The W3C's Document Object Model turned static HTML into a living tree that JavaScript could read, modify, and rebuild — the API that made the interactive web possible.
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CGI: The First Dynamic Web
A simple standard let web servers run programs instead of just serving files — turning static pages into interactive applications and opening the door to everything that followed.